Factors associated with successful outcomes of resuscitation in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52442/jrmi.v12i1.984Keywords:
Cardiac Arrest, Patient Outcome Assessment, Resuscitation, Risk FactorsAbstract
Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a major global public health concern, with survival rates varying widely between regions. Limited pre-hospital resources and lack of standardized reporting in Pakistan hinder understanding of factors that influence successful outcomes
Objective: To identify and analyze the factors associated with successful resuscitation outcomes in patients experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Materials and Methods: Patients who experienced OHCA (n=20) and underwent attempted resuscitation at POF Hospital, Wah Cantt, Pakistan, were evaluated. In accordance with the Utstein guidelines, survival rates up to hospital admission were examined and comorbidities evaluated using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) based on hospital registry data, along with patients’ employment status. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with patient outcomes.
Results: Out of 120 OHCA cases, 36.7% (n=44) were admitted with successful resuscitation. Factors linked to successful resuscitation included a shockable primary rhythm [multivariate odds ratio (OR)=2.8], and occurrence of the cardiac arrest in public location (OR=1.9). In contrast, absence of comorbidity (OR=0.9), gender (OR=1.2), and employment status (OR=1.1) were not associated with resuscitation outcomes. During the study period, proportion of patients with high comorbidity (CCI ≥3) rose from 15% to 30% (p=0.001). Simultaneously, the rate of successful resuscitation leading to hospital admission among OHCA patients rose by 4% annually, increasing from 32% in 2023 to 40% in 2025 (p=0.001).
Conclusion: This study reinforces the significance of key factors that affect survival to hospital admission following OHCA, particularly shockable rhythm and public location. These predictors largely reflect patient- and event-specific circumstances rather than being strongly influenced by broad public health interventions.
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